Mongolia, the birthplace of the legendary Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, offers a surreal experience, as if stepping onto another planet. From its ancient nomadic traditions and vast skies to its untamed natural beauty, Mongolia’s charm is undeniable. This land of lush valleys, crystal-clear lakes, awe-inspiring canyons, sand dunes, and snow-capped mountains feels like stepping back in time, where customs and traditions have endured for centuries.

Despite its vast size, covering 1.56 million square kilometers—three times larger than France—Mongolia is the world’s least densely populated country, with only 3.4 million people. Spanning diverse landscapes from alpine steppes to harsh desert, it’s essential to plan well for your journey, as weather conditions and vast distances between regions can be challenging.

Mongolia can be divided into four zones based on its landscapes: the forested mountains of the north, alpine steppe, semi-deserts, and the rugged terrain of the Gobi Desert in the south. Each region has its own unique beauty, making it tough to decide where to go. To help, here are 12 of Mongolia’s most incredible destinations that you should not miss.

1. Bayanzurkh, Khövsgöl

Best for Pristine Nature

Khövsgöl Nuur, often the first stop for travelers in Khövsgöl Province, is a popular freshwater lake. However, Bayanzurkh, 160km from the lake, is a hidden gem. It features dramatic cliffs, stunning waterfalls like Ushir, and Boshloi Rock’s rock formations. Locals call it “heaven on earth,” and it’s a must-visit for nature lovers.

Tip: Travel by 4WD to explore Bayanzurkh beyond the lake.

2. East Taiga

Best for Wild Adventures

East Taiga, in Khövsgöl Province, is the home of the Tsaatan people, traditional reindeer herders. Reaching this remote region requires a challenging 10-hour drive followed by a horseback ride. Once there, you’ll be mesmerized by the pristine landscape, including the stunning Urtun Khyarkhyn waterfall. It’s a truly off-the-beaten-path adventure.

3. Tsenkher Hot Springs

Best for Relaxation

Tsenkher Hot Springs, located near Tsetserleg city, is the perfect place to unwind. With its 85°C naturally heated waters, it offers therapeutic benefits for a variety of ailments. Enjoy breathtaking views of forested hills and soothe your body in the hot spring’s outdoor or indoor pools.

Tip: Stay at the popular Duut Resort, offering cozy wooden lodges and pools in a scenic setting.

4. Ikh Gazryn Chuluu

Best Cultural Site

For those seeking a deeper cultural experience, Ikh Gazryn Chuluu in the Gobi Desert offers a fascinating escape. These rugged granite mountains hold ancient stories, including those of long songs (epic Mongolian folk chants). Visit in August for the Uyakhan Zambuu Tiviin Naran Art Festival, a celebration of Mongolian culture.

Tip: The mountains are easily accessible by road from Mandalgovi, about an hour’s drive.

5. Khentii Province

Best for Walking in the Footsteps of Chinggis Khan

Khentii Province is steeped in history, particularly in the life of Chinggis Khan. Key sites include Khökh Nuur, where Temujin was crowned as Chinggis Khan, and Deluun Boldog, his birthplace. The region’s natural beauty also adds to its appeal.

Tip: Khentii is just a one-day drive from Ulaanbaatar, and don’t miss the famous Chinggis Khan statue on the way.

6. Tövkhön Khiid Monastery

Best for Meditation

Tövkhön Khiid is a serene, hidden gem in the forested mountains. Founded by the first Buddhist leader of Mongolia, Zanabazar, this peaceful monastery offers a tranquil setting for reflection, with several temples and a meditation cave.

7. Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park

Best for Desert Landscapes

The Gobi Desert, a must-see in Mongolia, is home to the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, a vast, stark wilderness. Trek through stunning dunes like Khongoryn Els (the Singing Sands), where the wind makes the sand hum. The park also features the icy Yolyn Am gorge, particularly breathtaking in winter.

8. Kherkhruu Three Lakes

Best for Escaping the Crowds

The Kherkhruu Three Lakes in Tuv Province offer a pristine wilderness experience. Surrounded by high cliffs and dense forests, it’s a tranquil haven for travelers seeking solitude, accessible by horseback or helicopter.

Tip: Keep an eye out for wildlife like moose and brown bears as you explore.

9. Saikhanii Khutul

Best for Scenic Train Journeys

Traveling by train through Mongolia offers unforgettable views of the countryside. A popular route is from Ulaanbaatar to Selenge Province, where you can visit Saikhanii Khutul, a mountainous region with breathtaking views over the Orkhon and Selenge river basins.

Tip: Though international train routes to Russia are suspended, local trains still operate from Ulaanbaatar to Selenge.

10. Khuiten Uul

Best for Trekking

Khuiten Uul, located in Altai Tavan Bogd National Park, is Mongolia’s highest peak at 4,374m. Accessible only to experienced mountaineers, the trek to the summit is a thrilling challenge. Along the way, you can also visit the Shiveet Khairkhan petroglyphs, ancient rock drawings dating back to the Bronze Age.

Tip: Take a day hike to the base camp of Khuiten Uul for a taste of Mongolia’s mountainous beauty.

11. Tsagaan Suvarga

Best for Landscape Photography

Tsagaan Suvarga, in Dundgovi Province, is known as the “Grand Canyon of Mongolia” for its dramatic badlands and towering cliff walls. The colors and textures of the landscape make it a photographer’s paradise, offering a glimpse into Mongolia’s prehistoric past when dinosaurs roamed the area.

12. Ulaanbaatar

Best for City Experiences

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital, offers an intriguing mix of modern life and rich history. While it can be chilly in winter, the city’s warm museums and cultural sites make up for it. Must-visits include the Chinggis Khaan National Museum and the Winter Palace of the Bogd Khaan.

Tip: Visit in July for the Naadam Festival, a celebration of Mongolian culture, featuring traditional sports, parades, and music.

Mongolia’s landscapes, from its vast deserts to serene lakes and lush valleys, make it one of the most unique destinations in the world. Whether you’re after adventure, culture, or relaxation, this country has something to offer every kind of traveler.